The Declaration Of Independence And The Second President...

Thomas Jefferson, writer of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States of America, was born on April 13, 1743. The future president was born to the parents of Peter Jefferson, a well-known and successful planter, and Jane Randolph, a prominent member of a very well-known and distinguished Virginian family. Jefferson was the third of ten children who were raised on the Shadwell slave plantation in Virginia. Starting from the early age of nine, Thomas Jefferson began studying Latin and Greek at one of the local private schools. Quickly after, Jefferson was studying classical languages, literature, and mathematics with Reverend James Maury at the age of fourteen. By the time he was seventeen, Jefferson was†¦show more content†¦One of the many colonists that greatly supported the American independence movement was Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson was soon elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1768 which was being led by Patrick Henry and George Washington. In 1774, Jefferson wrote, A Summary View of the Rights of British America, and it displayed his deep passion and commitment to the cause. Jefferson then attended the Second Continental Congress where the Continental Army was created and George Washington was appointed as Commander-in-Chief. The Congress soon appointed a five-man committee consisting of Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston to write a Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson was chosen to be the first author to pen the first draft of the Declaration of Independence. Over the course of a seventeen day period, it was believed that Jefferson had written one of the most powerful and influential documents ever produced in the world’s history. The document went through many revisions before it was finally brought to the table and held high by the founding fathers. Nevertheless, many of the words and phrases are originals that came from Thomas Jefferson thus cementing him in history forever. Jefferson’s most famous words to be solidified in history are, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator

The Importance of Reading Free Essays

I had an epiphany about reading and it changed my life. It was a day only several years ago when I first realized the numerous benefits I could realize from reading. Of course, I had been told all my life that reading was important. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Reading or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was forced to do it in class after class beginning in elementary school and on up through high school. I had never read for enjoyment, had never gone to a book store and surveyed the stacks of tomes with pleasure, had never been to the library except when it was required for researching a particular assignment. To me reading was drudgery, a chore which interfered with more important things in life, like eating and sleeping. It wasn’t until I took an English class in my senior year, however, that the importance of reading finally penetrated my brain. I realized my teacher for that English class, Mrs. Smith, was different from others I’d had in the past from the first day I walked into her classroom. While she looked like a typical, older lady with her graying hair and pair of wire-rimmed reading glasses continually perched on the end of her nose, it was her attitude that set her apart from other instructors. From her roost atop a stool at the front of the room, Mrs. Smith ruled the classroom with short legs swinging to and fro above the rungs while her arms – complete with flabby â€Å"schoolteacher arm† – would wave about to lend emphasis to her words. Mrs. Smith could tell I was uncomfortable in her English class almost immediately. She watched me squirm in my seat during her lectures and saw the visible signs of upset when she handed out a reading assignment. I’m sure the groan I emitted was another clue to my discomfort. The next day, Mrs. Smith decided to address this issue with the entire class, without naming me specifically as the impetus for this particular lecture. I’ll never forget what she said, however. It was something along the lines of this: â€Å"If you are going to get ahead in this world, you need to continually inform yourself about many different matters. In order to keep yourself informed, you must read. I don’t mean sitting down to read â€Å"War and Peace† front to back, but more general reading. Take the opportunity to read anything you can. If you are sitting at the breakfast table eating a bowl of cereal, read the back of the cereal box. Take time to read a magazine article about something which interests you. Reading doesn’t have to take a lot of time or be boring.† For some reason, Mrs. Smith’s words made me come to the realization that reading was beneficial in a way that other teachers had failed to do. I took her advice. I began by reading the back of the cereal box while eating my breakfast later that week (and Trix, by the way, has the best reading material, although Cap’n Crunch comes in a close second). I started reading newspaper articles; smaller ones at first and then lengthier columns. While waiting for a doctor’s appointment or to get on an airplane, I read the signs posted on the wall, the advertising posters and billboards, and magazines that were left behind. Just a little bit at a time, I told myself. Remember what Mrs. Smith told you – that reading doesn’t need to take a lot of time. Mrs. Smith’s first assignment to the class included reading two short stories, William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† and â€Å"Everything Rises Must Converge† by Flannery O’Connor. We were to read the assigned stories and then analyze their meanings, and structure. Mrs. Smith helped us with an initial story we read in class and showed us how to read efficiently and what things to keep in mind as we read. She taught us to look beyond the obvious and delve deeper into the author’s motivation, history, and the lesson, or lessons, they were trying to convey. To my surprise, I actually enjoyed reading the two short stories. It didn’t take much time to read through them the first time and, using Mrs. Smith’s directives, the second time of reading brought to light many aspects of the story I had previously missed. There was a depth to the words that caused me to sit back and reflect further on what I’d read. In particular, Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Everything Rises Must Converge† made a great impact on me with its important statement regarding racism and reverse racism. Prior to reading that story, I’d really had no idea just how prevalent such issues were in the South and how it might adversely affect people. Although O’Connor wrote the work some decades earlier, the issues raised are as important today as they were back then. I wish I could say I became an avid reader overnight, but that’s not the way it happened. I did, however, begin to take a peek at some of the books for sale in various stores. If I happened to be at the drug store, I snuck into the aisle of bestsellers and looked over the covers, reading the blurbs of praise on the front. I wasn’t sure what subjects would interest me, but after reading some excerpts online, I decided that science fiction was the best fit for me and my personality. I tried reading â€Å"The Hobbit† but its length made it a chore so I opted, instead, for some shorter books, like novels based on the â€Å"Star Wars† movies. The volumes I chose couldn’t be classified as classical literature by any means, by I enjoyed reading them and I figured that if there were books that could hold my interest, me – the self-proclaimed non-reader – then they couldn’t be all bad. Next on my list are some of the more classical works of science fiction, like those by Isaac Asimov, Jules Verne, and H. G. Wells. I’ve learned a lot along the way in my reading adventures. I’ve gotten an insider’s view to history, as well as what the future might hold. I’ve identified with characters and been surprised at endings which left me wanting to know more. An added benefit which I never would have guessed is that of greater confidence in writing. Attending college means that essays, term papers, and theses are required in order to pass most classes. When once I used to dread doing such assignments, I’ve found that, through reading, I am much more comfortable with the written word. This is what literacy means to me. It is the ability to use our skills – of reading and writing and comprehension – to further our knowledge as well as the desire to do so in order that we may better ourselves. No matter if you read a mystery novel or a history book, there is something in that volume which imparts further knowledge to the reader. In some cases, it is obvious – such as learning about the mistakes in history so future generations are not doomed to make the same mistakes. In other cases, it is not so obvious. But any book that causes the reader to think about something in a different way is doing its job by expanding our knowledge and inciting our curiosity. As Frederick Douglass once said, â€Å"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free.† And by the way, thank you Mrs. Smith, wherever you are! How to cite The Importance of Reading, Essay examples The Importance of Reading Free Essays Reading skills are essential to success in society today. The ability to read is highly valued and very important. Reading is important in our life, we gain more knowledge by reading various books. We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Reading or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some persons write their personal experience as their book and share a lot of ways to solve various problems. Reading is a great hobby for various people and they are spending their time usefully by reading good books which helps them to gain knowledge. Having a large vocabulary is not only impressive, but also useful in many areas of public speaking. Reading is necessary for our practical life also. Good readers can understand the individual sentences and the l structure of a piece of writing. In other words, students who have a large vocabulary are usually good readers. It is really hard to read books daily, but we can read books whenever possible as well as time permits. A good book is like a good companion and we will get more information while reading it as well as it have the ability to give solution to our issues, while reading funny books we will get more fun and enjoyment. Various kind of books will help us to get various kind of feelings. Surely reading books will give more enjoyment to us and help us to spend our time usefully. We also read to learn about other people life. Reading books is always worth to our time and we never regret for reading a good book in our life. That’s why people say ;† Anyone who says they have only one life to live must not know how to read a book! † How to cite The Importance of Reading, Papers

Smile Kid by We the Kings free essay sample

Travis Clark is a sweetheart. The frontman of Floridas pop-rock quartet, We The Kings has a lot of personality (just ask any adoring fan) which is expressed in his online blog along with the love for his longtime girlfriend making him a quirky romantic. Combine this with talented guitarists and a spunky drummer, that should equal an awesome follow up to their self-titled debut album right? Nope. Smile Kid shows literally almost no progress from We the Kings. To be honest it feels like 11 rejected songs from the debut album. I dont see how the group has evolved. They definitely played it safe and that is a deadly mistake. If you look at the successful musicians now, theyre people who are trying to push themselves and take risks and establish identities for themselves. If We the Kings wants to compete with that, they have to step up their game. We will write a custom essay sample on Smile Kid by We the Kings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I will not go as far to call Smile Kid a sophomore slump because as unoriginal as the songs feel, Traviss voice is definitely something that saves the record along with his romantic beachy lyrics. Also the acoustic covers are irresistible. We the Kings has the opportunity to be an amazing band, they just have to realize it themselves.

Problems With Education Essays - Educational Psychology,

Problems With Education Problems with Education Education is a very important aspect of the lives of all people all over the world. What we learn, not just in the classroom, shapes who we are. We take our education everywhere we go. We use it when talking to our buddies about sports or music, we use it while solving a math problem, we use our education while debating with our family whether or not we should watch TV or got to the movies. Our education is the foundation of who we are, since every decision we make and every thought we think is dependent on what we know. Imagine how different the world would be if everyone craved learning to such a degree that at lunch tables all over the world the topic of conversation isn't who likes who, or how drunk someone got over the weekend, but it would be what books were read over the weekend, and what new ideas were thought of. This crave for learning would be an ideal but still suggests need for improvement with the current educational system. It seems that the problem with education is t hat somewhere along the lines the human race forgot (assuming they, at one point, understood how valuable information is) that learning is not just a mandatory process, but also an opportunity to transcend and open the gateway to a better understanding. One of the biggest problems with education is that it is poisoned in the way people view school. Some common phrases among students are that school is boring; school is work. Theses attitudes have a direct effect on the effort that students put into their studies. One will obviously work harder when they arent bored with the task. There is a difference between hearing and listening and if students approach school as something that they see as boring and stressful than that student will only be hearing what the professor is saying. They may show up to class but this does not mean that they are necessarily there to learn. If school were fun than students would enjoy learning and thus, would learn more since it would be an enjoyable activity. School is just like a sport or a book in that if the book is well written and enjoyable than there is more incentive to read it, just as someone will put more effort into a sport that is fun than a sport they dont enjoy. If school were fun, than st udents would strive to learn more. School is also a mandatory process. Students are somewhat forced into a relationship with education and just go through the motions because that is what they need or have to do, not what they choose to do. School is also coercive, disciplinary and taught by many unmotivated teachers, so school being mandatory is just icing on the cake. Teachers and the school system completely control the way things are run and leave little room for students to do things their way. Teachers control what they teach, how to teach, how to discipline, what is assigned, etc. Students need to have more of a say in the way things are run since they are the majority. More freedom in decisions would create a more comfortable environment and students would thus have an easier time learning. There is also stress on a lack of communication since school is coercive. It is hard to reach a person if one doesnt have a relationship with that person, and one way to deal with this is through addressing the students to hear their ideas and views on what direction should be taken. School is very similar to an oligarchy where the faculty is the monarch and students are the populous. It should be more of a democracy where all the students have a say in what happens, but how often is there a vote as to class and school decisions? The current curriculum is one in which a teacher says jump and a student responds with how high. And if a student responds with anything different, than they are reprimanded or punished. Three are many aspects of school that are unhealthy to a students life that many teachers dont

Neurofibromatosis & Its Genetic Implications Essays - Genodermatoses

Neurofibromatosis & Its Genetic Implications Essays - Genodermatoses Neurofibromatosis & Its Genetic Implications The National Institute of Health defines Neurofibromatoses as group genetic disorders that affects the development and growth of neural cell tissues. These disorders cause tumor growth in nerve tissues, skin changes, and in some cases bone deformities. Of the eight possible subtypes of Neurofibromatosis (NF) at least 85% are represented by NF Type 1, also known as von Recklinghausen or classic peripheral neurofibromatosis. It has a prevalence of about 1:4000 live births. An additional ten percent have NF Type 2, also known as acoustic or central neurofibromatosis and occurs in about 1:50,000 live births (Baskin 1). This paper will deal only with the more prevalent NF Type 1 and focus on the symptoms of the disease and biochemical aspects of the NF1 and the ethical implication of inherited genetic disorders. NF1 is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by multiple caf-au-lait spots, numerous fibromas, and Lisch nodules. Most manifestations appear during childhood and early adult life. Clinical criteria for diagnosing the disease must include two or more of the following symptoms: (1) six or more caf-au-lait spots larger that 5 mm in pre-pubescent individuals and greater than 15 mm is post-pubescent individuals, (2) two or more neurofibromas of any type or one plexiform neurofibroma, (3) axillary or inguinal freckling, (4) sphenoid bone dysplasia, (5) optic glioma, (6) Lisch nodules, and (7) a family history of NF1. Other manifestations include learning disabilities, epilepsy, mental retardation, scoliosis, gastrointestinal neurofibromas, pheochromacytomas, and renal artery stenosis (Goldman 2074). Caf-au-lait spots are pigmented macules of giant melanin granules seen in the basal layer of the epidermis and are distinguished by the presence of more DOPA-positive melanocytes than surrounding skin and a smooth border and light brown color of the macules. Neurofibromas are hamartomatous, a mass of disorganized tissue indigenous to a particular site (Robbins 134), that are composed mostly of Schwann cells, but also contain fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages. Plexiform neurofibromatoas, large, multilobe pendulous masses, are more deeply situated in large nerves, usually involve the limbs, and are associated with hypertrophy of underlying soft tissues and bones. Lisch nodules, or iris harmartomas, are the most common manifestation of NF1. They are dome shaped, elevated, avascular, melanocytic nodules of the iris with a smooth shape and some translucency (Baskin 1-3). Neurofibromatosis Type I is an autosomal dominant disorder without predilection for sex, race, or color. It shows with complete penetrance with highly variable expression. The gene is located on chromosome 17q and the gene encompasses around 350 kilobases (Goldman 2074). The gene codes for the protein neurofibromine which resembles certain proteins that inactivate oncogenes (Hulsebos 620); thus lacking neurofibromine can lead to an increased disposition to cancer. Although the disorder is inherited, the spontaneous mutation rate is between 2.4 and 4.3 x 10-5 (ncbl.nlm.nih.gov). A predominant paternal derivation suggests that the original mutation occurs in the mitotic divisions that take place during male gametogenesis but not during female gametogenesis. The NF1 gene can show a twelve kilobase deletion involving exons thirty-two through thirty-nine in some cases or a more severe deletion involving a 100 kilobase deletion from exon four near the five prime end of the gene to intron thirty-nine near the three prime end of the gene (nclb.nlm.nih.gov). There does not appear to be any correlation between particular genotypes and phenotypes (Goldman 2074). The sequence of the NF1 gene predicts 2,485 amino acids in the NF1 peptide. The peptide shows some similarity to human GTPase activating protein (GAP). This finding suggests that NF1 codes for a cytoplasmic GAP-like protein that interacts with proteins like the RAS gene product in the control of cell growth in. shows that the tumor suppressing activity of the NF1 protein negatively regulates p21 (RAS) and shows a positive growth role for RAS activity in NF1 tumors. The NF1 gene product neurofibromine contains a GTPase activating protein known as NF1 GRD that downregulates RAS by stimulating intrinsic GTPase. Since RAS and GTP are major regulator molecules in cell growth and differentiation, mutant neurofibromines resulting from somatic mutations in the NF1 gene might interfere with the RAS signaling pathway and thus contribute to the development of tumors (ncbl.nlm.nih.gov). The probability of transmission of NF1 is 50% with each pregnancy,

Writing a Short Story

Writing a Short Story A short story is considered one that is five thousand words or less. When creating a short story, a writer will describe as much detail as possible within a limited number of words and action. Often these objects or actions become symbolic which evokes thought on the reader’s part. In addition, it has to get off to a very fast start which means you have to grab the reader’s attention in the first paragraph. This is no time for boring drawn out sentences. Every sentence has to have a punch to it, be able to signify multiple meanings or descriptions. Use a limited number of characters. There isn’t time to go into length, so limit your story to three or four. Use just a few characters and magnify them, make them larger than life. Make the story’s beginning as close to the climax as possible, for example: make the short story about an event just before the conclusion. Don’t drag in a year’s worth of problems. Short stories usually have some sort of meaning behind them. Know what this meaning is and develop the characters and setting around it to emphasize that point. Limit the story to a brief period in time usually covering only a couple of scenes leading up to the major event. Remember, every word and action you write has to point towards the meaning and conclusion. If a word seems awkward or out of place, delete it and replace it with another or change the whole sentence around. A short story has no room for unnecessary words. Develop your characters so that you know them intimately. You may never use all those details in your short story but you’ll be able to convey their character more effectively if you make it a point to know everything about them. Show their personality traits by including possible habits or movements. Describe a nervous woman by having her chew on her fingernails which were short and ragged. By limiting the number of characters you have in the story, you’ll be able to make it a meaningful story that conveys its message effectively. Know what scenes you will use in the plot and outline them carefully to make them flow into one another effortlessly. Use a limited number of scenes but make an impact with each of them. Remember to use every single opportunity to create symbolism towards the story’s main goal. When you begin writing the short story, it’s best to start with a sentence that’s packed with action and promise. Since it’s so short, the characters and setting needs to be introduced right away and the beginning of the plot revealed. Pull the reader along by filling their senses with vivid images that become alive in their minds. Explain situations and describe settings by using dialogue and action. As soon as you start the story, you should be going straight to the top where the climax explodes. No digressions along the way or you’ll lose the reader. Writing a short story requires a precision in planning the whole outline. There can be no wandering or musings. The story has to start with a bang and every single word used in the short story has to be able to convey symbolism or perform multiple tasks. Dialogue can be used to show the setting as well as a person’s character all at the same time. Above all, it needs to flow easily and quickly, carrying the reader from the beginning to end.

AI Week 11 Criminal DB 153 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AI Week 11 Criminal DB 153 - Essay Example It is therefore important to address the issue of whether criminal background should be applied in a blanket manner to influence hiring decisions. According to the every person should be given a second chance at proving their suitability to perform. Employers are faced with the ethical dilemma of balancing the safety of their businesses with fairness and in certain instances declining someone’s application for job could result into legal sues. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in the year 2012 released guidelines that prohibit adoption of blanket policies in disqualifying job applicants based on their past criminal records. a past a criminal record doesn’t mean one is incapacitated and EEOC holds that blanket policies treating blacks and Latinos having criminal pasts differently from whites is discriminative and hence illegal. Regardless of whether employers equally apply a law, it is illegal for as longs it harms certain protected groups more than others. This does not prohibit employers from conducting criminal background checks but requires them to prove that their policies are able to link certain c riminal offences and their danger with those risks inherent to particular job positions. In conclusion therefore criminal background checks if not carefully conducted can be discriminative and as such employers are to strive and meet the legal EEOC’S guidelines. Ones criminal past should be checked in terms of nature and gravity, the time that has gone by since one was convicted or completed their sentence and type of job one is applying for. employers should try not apply blanket policies by initiating the criminal backgrounds checks at least at interview level, ensure their policies are in line with necessities of the business, ensure fairness and constantly train the HR teams to apply the best practices of hiring and also

Dr. Stones Feats of Survival in the Film Gravity Essay

Dr. Stones Feats of Survival in the Film Gravity - Essay Example Accompanying her is the veteran Astronaut Matt Kowalsky, who is commanding his final expedition. However, during their spacewalk, a most unfortunate thing happens: a debris from a satellite crashes into the space shuttle, Explorer, destroying most of it and therefore leaving them stranded in space with limited air. As the debris continues to hit other satellite, a chain reaction of destruction is caused such that the satellites necessary for the two astronauts to communicate with mission control in Houston are also destroyed. Even though the two astronauts do not receive any messages from the Mission Control in Houston, both Kowalsky and Stone continue to transmit-though â€Å"in the blind â€Å"to Mission Control, in the hopes that somehow Mission Control can hear them. According to Pomerantz, Fearfully, Stone tumbles out of control after separating from the shuttle’s cargo bay arm. Kowalsky who is wearing a thruster pack as part of his spacesuit navigates to Stone and retrieves her. The two tethers together and find their way back to the Explorer, where to their utter dismay discover that the shuttle has been damaged beyond repair, and further, the rest of the crew is dead. They then decide to use the thruster pack to make their way to the ISS, which is nearby in orbit. Kowalsky sets the timer on his suit for 90 minutes, in estimation that the debris which destroyed the explorer will orbit the Earth and come back around in that amount of time. Kowalsky, ever calm and efficient in the crisis reassures Stone that they will both make it back to Earth safely. En route to the ISS, they discuss Stone’s life back home and the death of her daughter in a schoolyard accident. As they approach ISS, it is clear that the crew has evacuated due to the debris field causing damage.  

Propaganda and women during Essay Example for Free

Propaganda and women during Essay Propaganda was used in World War One to make sure that people only knew what the Government wanted them to. To make sure everyone thought the same way as the government all information was controlled. Newspapers were expected to print what the government wanted and the newspapers started using emotional headlines, even if they weren’t true. Some examples of these headlines are: -â€Å"Belgium child’s hands cut off by Germans† -â€Å"Germans crucify Canadian officer† Anyone caught spreading the truth would be arrested. Propaganda aimed at Women While the men were fighting it was left to the women to do the men’s jobs and treat injured soldiers. To get the women to do this propaganda was used. The Red Cross used pride in this poster to try and get women to join. Propaganda aimed at Men This poster uses pride to try and get the men to join the army, this poster is showing a man’s children asking him what he did in the war. The government are trying to say that if you fight in the war your family would be proud of you. Untrue stories â€Å"Monks in Antwerp were being forced to ring bells to celebrate the Germans invading the city. The monks refused to do this so were tied to the clappers of the bells and being used as human clappers which killed them.† This was untrue but a brilliant way for the British government to make people hate the Germans even more. German Newspaper headlines -English soldiers put plague germs in German wells. -German prisoners blinded by their Allied Captors. Women during WW1 While the men were fighting someone had to do their jobs so this usually fell to the women. Some of the jobs they were given were; nurses, working in munitions factories (which often turned their hair and skin yellow due to the chemicals), in public transport, as police women, ambulance drivers, fire fighters, in post offices, making weapons and farming. Towards the end of the war some women were being recruited into the army as cooks, clerks and electricians so that all the men could fight. Most women would still have to do the cooking, cleaning and other household chores as well as their day jobs. The women also knitted scarves, hats and gloves to send to the soldiers. This is not often recognised and they didn’t always get there but if they did the soldiers were grateful. The Womens Land Army In WW1 the German navy stopped food being imported to England and this made up 50% of the food eaten in England. In 1917 the harvest failed and there were not many reserves. Rations were put in place and the British made do. There was also a shortage of farm labourers as most men were out fighting. The government set up the land army which allowed women to become farm labourers which would not have been allowed before. By 1918 there were 23,000 Land girls that would milk the cattle, plough the fields and herd the cattle. The Land army stopped in 1919 as the men returned home and food was able to imported again.

The Harleian Manuscripts :: Chaucer Canterbury Tales Essays

The Harleian Manuscripts, Ha2 and Ha3 My research on the Harley manuscript versions of Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales", Ha2 1758 and Ha3 7333 from the British Library led to the finding of little information except what was to be found in the footnotes of articles and books describing the Ha4 7334. The little information I did find might lead to reasons why the manuscripts, particularly the Ha3 7333, are difficult to research and why they are seldom mentioned. I spent most of my research time on the library's fifth floor and went through the stack of Chaucer books, particularly the publications by the Chaucer Society. I also searched the internet for articles and research pertaining to Chaucer and the many manuscript versions of "The Canterbury Tales", including the library's electronic resources, Infotrac and JSTOR. Most of the descriptions I found on the Ha2 and Ha3, however, came from the footnotes of articles on these electronic resources and from the footnotes of the books I found discussing the textual history of "The Canterbury Tales". One possible explanation as to why the Ha2 and Ha3 are rarely found or mentioned in comparison to the overwhelming supply of information on the Ha4 is that the Ha2 was "mostly used to supply Gg.S. or Cambridge". Similarly, the Ha3 "mostly supplies Lansdowne"(Koch 4). Therefore, maybe what is to be found of these manuscripts, the Ha2 and Ha3, is the combining of these manuscripts with the Cambridge and Lansdowne manuscripts, since it is described that the Harley versions supply these manuscripts. This theory is also supported by the fact that the Harley manuscripts contained many similarities to Shirley. I inferred from my readings that Shirley was a scribe of one of "The Canterbury Tales" manuscripts, since the Harley 7333 is often times mistaken to be his work(Pace 21). This presents another possible explanation that the Harley was combined with another manuscript and was therefore almost completely lost. This is only a possibility though, because the Harley is still referred to, no matter how seldom, as its own manuscript and is not combined in description with the Cambridge or Landsdowne. In lists of the available "The Canterbury Tales" manuscripts, provided by various books, the Harley is still referred to as its own manuscript and is not represented as part of another. The only information I found regarding the Ha2 1758 is that it lacks ten fols.

The Scramble for Africa

What were the major historical factors explaining ‘the scramble for Africa’? The scramble for Africa has aptly been described as the golden period of European expansionism in the 19th century. It was an age in which the continents of Africa, Asia and Middle Eastern states were brought under the control of European powers following the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885. Eric Hobsbawm, one of the leading authorities on European imperialism, described the period as â€Å"the Age of Empire not only because it developed a new kind of imperialism, but also a much more old-fashioned reason†¦Ã¢â‚¬  referred to here as the age of â€Å"emperors† (1987: 56). It was essentially a period in which a handful of European powers (Great Britain, France, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, Italy, Japan, Germany etc), having emerged economically strong following rapid industrialisation, set out to pursue radical national interests overseas. The scramble for Africa began at a time when the benefit of industrial revolution gave rise to unprecedented expansion in the production of goods and services, which needed to be exported to outlandish markets. For, the partition and the haggling that went it did not come out of the blue. It was orchestrated by a combination of factors and conditions under which European powers faced in their metropolitan countries at the time. Having lost their North and South American colonies, Australasia and the Pacific rim interests at the turn of the century, the European powers turned their searchlight to Africa, Asia and the Middle East for new markets – consolidating previously held trading posts and sea route communications and grabbing new territories along the way – hence the scramble for Africa. The partition has broadly been described as one of the most turning points in the history of the relationships between the â€Å"Haves† – industrialised European powers versus the â€Å"Have-nots† – tropical Africa and the countries of Asia and the middle East (Padmore, 1972: 7). In his most eloquent work on the subject of partition – Africa and the World Peace (1972: 162), Padmore argues that â€Å"†¦ colonial policy is the offspring of industrial policy for rich States in which capital is abundant and is rapidly accumulating, in which the manufacturing system is continually growing and characterising, if not most numerous, at least the most alert and energetic part of the population that works with its hands, in which the countryside is obliged to industrialise itself, in order to maintain itself, in such States exportation is an ssential factor of public property †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Still, Jules Ferry, â€Å"who can fittingly be described as the father of French Imperialism, whilst addressing the Chamber of Deputies in 1885, summed up the need for colonies as follows: Is it not clear that the great States of modern Europe, the moment their industrial power is found, are confronted with an immense and difficult problem, which is the basis of indust rial life, the very condition of existence – the question of markets? †¦ Can we say that this colonial policy is a luxury for modern nations? Not at all †¦ this policy is for all of us, a necessity, the market itself† (p. 161). Ferry’s encapsulation of what the partition of Africa meant for the French and his fellow European powers are quite instructive here. Similarly, continental echoes of the partition policy were heard in ascending order. In the Island of Great Britain, Mr Joseph Chamberlain, â€Å"the radical mayor of Birmingham and a great advocate of liberal ideals, who later deserted the Liberals and became one of the most ardent champions of Toryism †¦Ã¢â‚¬ , accepted that â€Å"a forward policy of colonial expansion in Africa was now the order of the day†. He stated that: â€Å"it is the duty of the State to foster the trade and obtain markets for its manufactures† (p. 164). In Germany, Bismarck, who initially opposed colonial expansion, later became its advocate. Addressing the Reichstag in 1885, he declared that: â€Å"The goal of Germany’s foreign policy was to be economically independent. â€Å"Colonies†, he said, â€Å"would provide new markets for German industries, the expansion of trade, and new field for German activity, civilisation and capital †¦ Consider what it would mean if part of the cotton and coffee which we must export could be grown in German territory overseas. Would that not bring an increase in national wealth†? (Padmore, pp. 164 -165), he queried. H. L. Wessseling, in his Divide and Rule: The Partition for Africa (1996: 366), whilst analysing Hobson’s classic work on Imperialism: A Study, argued that the historical interpretation of the partition was based on â€Å"imperialism as a consequence of capitalism† and therefore, â€Å"primarily a struggle for profitable markets of investment†. He acknowledged the seminal work of John Gallagher and Ronald Robinson in their Africa and the Victorians – stating that it was not until the 1960s that a new approach began to be adopted by the leading discussants of the partition policy. He opined that aside from the economic motives upon which the partition was based, there was indeed, consideration of strategic and political motives as well, noting that early writers overlooked this fact. He summed up the views of the British political establishment thus: â€Å"The British policy makers were not so much concerned with Africa itself as with safeguarding British interests in Asia; the motive behind late Victorian strategy in Africa was to protect the all important stakes in India and the East† (p. 366). This view becomes clearer when juxtaposed with Hargreaves’ Chapter 3 in Decolonisation in Africa whilst discussing the logistics of the Second World War. He stressed that â€Å"the protection of African supply route was a crucial contribution to the Middle East war†, adding that â€Å"extraordinary efforts were made to develop the African Line of Communications by which bulky supplies were moved to Congo river, across to Juba in the Southern Sudan, and thence to Egypt† (Hargreaves, 1988: 54). Surely, there was no question of the strategic and commercial importance of Africa, Asia and the Middle Eastern territories to the Allied Powers prior to, and during, the Second World War. As M. E. Chamberlain succinctly attested here: â€Å"the possession of an empire came to be regarded as a kind of badge of great power status, important for prestige, irrespective of whether it was worth while economically† (Chamberlain, 1985: p. 3). Whilst huge merit pertains in this argument, there’s no doubt as Wesseling puts it: the policy of imperialism in Africa, Asia and the Middle East â€Å"differed from country to country, from period to period, and from place to place† (Wesseling, 1996, p. 366). The argument makes it clear: â€Å"economic motives such as the protection and encouragement of trade and industry did indeed play a part †¦ so also did such financial motives as safeguarding of loans and investments, such political motives as strategic advantage, national ambition, electoral appeal, such as ideological motives as bearing the white man’s burden, and many more† (p. 366). The method used by the European powers in gaining foothold into the African territories was generally regarded as underhand. Africans and Indians, it was assumed, only began to exist at the point they were â€Å"discovered† (Liebenow, 1986: p. 4). Accordingly, â€Å"treaties of friendship negotiated †¦ with local political personages, or evidence of conversations alone, became converted in the 19th century diplomatic scramble into European deeds of ownership to the land, the people, and all their resources† (p. 14). Following the inordinate ways used in slicing up African territories , the Berlin conference recognised Leopold’s claims over Congo, and the various spheres of British, French and German influence in the East, West and South Africa respectively. The period following the conference was marked by the rapid annexation of the territories involved. In order to consolidate their positions, England, France and Germany first resorted to the use of Chartered Companies (British and German East Africa Companies, the Niger Company of West Africa, and the South Africa Company), joint stock organisations with tremendous financial resources at their disposal, backed by the armed forces of their respective States. These monopoly concerns were the ones which laid the basis of government in the territories which were later officially declared as colonies and protectorates (Padmore, p. 168 – 169). Germany, although a late entry in the colonial race, acquired German East Africa (then known as Tanganyika) in 1844, South West Africa in 1885, Cameroons and Togoland in 1885 (P. 168 – 169). â€Å"By the time the process of carving up Africa was completed, England and France had emerged as the biggest shareholders of the continent†. â€Å"England acquired the colonies of Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast (now Ghana), Nigeria on the West Coast, British Somaliland, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe (then Southern Rhodesia), Swaziland and Basutoland, and the Union of South Africa. France, on the other hand, got most North Africa countries of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. On the West Coast of Africa, it secured Senegal and its hinterland, forming Equatorial Africa and the Congo, Dahomey, Ivory Coast and the large Island of Madagascar. After the World War, the German West and East African colonies were later divided between the British Empire and France following the Paris conference† (p. 169), using the League of Nations to consolidate their booties. Portugal, one of the oldest colonial Powers in the world got Angola and Guinea on the West Coast, Mozambique on the East, and the cocoa island of Sao Tome and Principe in the Gulf of Guinea† (p. 169). â€Å"Italy, having met military disaster in her early imperialist attempt at Abyssinia in 1896, as well as diplomatic defeat by France over Tunisia, acquired Tripoli in the north, Eritrea on the East Coast and Italian Somaliland on the Indian Ocean† (p. 169). It has commonly been argued that the ap proach used by the European powers in running their territories exacerbated local anger against colonial rule. Many ethnic groups with little in common were lumped together, thus creating confusion and rivalries, making the present day African countries extremely difficult to govern. Whilst Britain employed a mixture of direct (India) and indirect rule (Africa and others), using recognised local people to govern – the French and others tended to adopt a more direct approach. For example, the French and the Portuguese believed in the policy of integration or assimilation. This policy extended French citizenship to trained Africans whilst providing a token of autonomy to local representatives who, subsequently, were co-opted into French Parliament. While Africa provided the best example for studying the development and expansion of European Imperialisms in their quest for markets, sources of raw materials and spheres for investing capital, this overseas projection of European capitalism was not confined to the Dark Continent. Indeed, scramble incursions were made into Asia and other parts of New World. The chief amongst these was India, often referred to as the â€Å"Jewel in the Crown† because â€Å"it differed from all other colonies of occupation in its vastly greater size and population, reaching 200 millions in 1860s† (Fieldhouse, 1965/6: 271). According to Fieldhouse, â€Å"India provided Britain with political and military power†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ therefore, â€Å"its resources were harnessed to support a great military empire before the British arrived† (Fieldhouse: p. 271). In summing up, therefore, it has to be argued that the â€Å"European domination of Africa, Asia and the Middle East has been one of the most significant phenomena of the 19th century period called â€Å"the modern age† (Liebenow, 1986: 13). The technological superiority of the European powers and the age of industrial revolution led the West in believing that they were destined, as a matter of right, to govern people elsewhere on the globe. Regrettably, colonisation was â€Å"unable to shape African economic, social and political conditions to more than a very limited extent† (Wesseling, 1996: 372). â€Å"In economic or social respects, colonisation brought nothing essentially new †¦ but only led to the acceleration of social and economic process of modernisation† (p. 372). This led to the integration of Africa and the rest of the New World into the capitalist economy. If we have to look for any tangible benefit of colonialism, this has to be seen in the context of the multiplicity of states that sprung up in Africa with concomitant ethnic conflicts and political instabilities. The false notion of sovereignties accorded to African states and recognised by the United Nations, clearly shows that majority of these states are weak and unable to clear democratic legitimacies in their various territories.

Office Equipment Written Answers Essay

KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING QUESTIONS Unit 221 Use Office Equipment Learner:Signature: AssessorSignatureDate Outcome 1: Know about different types of office equipment and its uses 1.1 Identify the different types of equipment and their uses  phones & e-mail allow people to contact you. Computers allow you to process business data, send pictures, pdf files and other files to customers, and vendors. Computers to design ads, budgets, as well as tracking and paying employees. printers and copiers to bulk create documents in the least expensive way possible. Hole punches to allow paperwork to be placed in binders or small folders easily. Answering machines to pick up missed calls. Post it notes to add importance to voice mail. Servers to allow multiple computers to access the same data. 1.2 Describe their different features and what they can be used for? Computers: Email, Word processing, internet, databases, file storage – Computers can be used for contact and also researching things on the internet. Computers can also be used to type professional letters or emails to customers. Files made can also be saved onto the computers memory and then can be edited or used again. Computers are also good for designing ads, look at budgets and can be used to track the payment of employees. Answering machines: Answering machines are used to pick up messages that people may have left you; it is normally used to ring customers back if you have missed their call. A good form of positive customer service. Photocopier & Printer: The printer is used to print off any work you have done on the computer or any files you have been sent or downloaded. Most regularly used for printing letters to customers and vendors. Photo copiers can are used to  copy hard copies of files. You get small copiers which only copy files, or you can get a copier that can also print and scan documents to your computer. 1.3 Explain why different types of equipment are chosen for tasks and what they are used for (e.g. to produce booklets) 1) Computers are used to write letters and communicate because letters look more professional when typed out, and by communicating online via email, it prevents the use of more paper. 2) Printers and Photocopiers: These are used because not all things can be done electronically, for example if a letter needed sending to lots of people, a hardcopy could be photocopied lots of times. Or if you have the letter template already on your computer, you can print lots of copies Outcome 2: Understand the purpose of the following instructions and health and safety procedures 2.1 Why is it important to follow manufacturer’s instructions when operating equipment? Manufacturers instructions are usually in place to not only protect the equipment from being damaged, but to also stop you getting injured using the equipment. Instructions are there to make sure you know how to use the equipment properly and how to use it without faults. 2.2. Why is it important to follow organisational instructions when using equipment? Organisational instructions are instructions that organisations put in place, they may have policies on how much you print or who can use the equipment for safety reasons. They may only have a photocopier in reception area so they know exactly who is using it and when. It is important to follow instructions of an organisation because they are normally put in place to help things run more smoothly and also for the safety of the staff. 2.3 What are the health and safety procedures for using different types of equipment? There should always be a risk assessment in place for possible accidents in the office, health and safety procedures in the office may be as simple as putting your bag under your desk to stop slips and trips. The most common injury is caused by manual handling; moving heavy equipment in the wrong way can cause strains and pulled muscles. Another procedure that may be in place is, no fluids at your desk. If you were to spill fluids, it may cause an electrocution hazard 2.4 Why is it important to follow health and safety procedures when using equipment? Health and safety procedures are in place to protect anyone from injury or harm, they’re there to prevent any hazards that may come into play in the office. In order to keep yourself and your colleagues safe, the procedures should be followed. 2.5 Why is it important to keep equipment clean and hygienic? You may not be the only person having to use the equipment and it is only courtesy to keep the equipment as you found it. Equipment should be kept clean and hygienic to prevent picking up illnesses such as cold and flu, and also to keep it pleasant. A sticky desk or keyboard and a crumby desk isn’t the nicest mess to tidy up when it isn’t your own. Outcome 3: Understand how to use equipment in a way that minimises waste 3.1 Give examples of waste when using equipment] The biggest source of waste is paper, every time a letter is opened, the envelope is thrown away, and when printing goes wrong the paper is thrown away. Ink cartridges from printers and photocopiers are thrown away when empty, as are multiple pens when they run out of ink. 3.2 Give examples of ways to reduce waste There are multiple ways to reduce waste, one of them being electronically. If people have email accounts, then letters can be sent this way rather than via post. Another way is to recycle waste, although maybe this may cause the same amount of waste, it will be used to make another batch of usable paper or other supplies. 3.3 Explain why you should minimise waste Reducing waste saves money and also is eco friendly. By printing on both sides of paper, the cost of paper is decreased by half. It can also maximise space in the office, by having less paper supplies around the office, more space becomes available in its place. Outcome 4: Know about the different types of problems that may occur when using equipment and how to deal with them 4.1 Give examples of equipment problems Technical faults can happen regularly in an office where lots of equipment is used in one place. Faults can include power shortages, phone line faults and technical faults on computers. Other faults can include issues with the printers or copiers and also issues with shortages of stationary. In order to prevent these issues, regular checks should be carried out on stocks and also the electrical equipment. 4.2 Explain why you should follow manufacturer’s instruction and organisation procedures when dealing with problems Manufacturer’s instructions ensure you are using the equipment in the right way and so reduces the chances or breakages via using the equipment wrongly. Organisations procedures make sure that the equipment is being used appropriately and so only the things that need to be printed or copied should be. Both of these should help prevent problems, but should also help  you deal with problems when they arise. 4.3 Give examples of how to deal with problems A technical issue should always be reported to the technician who knows how to deal with the problem. But the ideal way to deal with these problems is regular checks on the equipment to make sure no issues are arising. Outcome 5: Understand the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines 5.1 Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when using equipment If there are standards and deadlines in place for using equipment, it’s probably for a good reason. For example, you may get a task to type, print and send out a number of letters before a certain time. You should follow these deadlines as there is a possibility that the letter is of high importance and may contain valuble information which they will need for a certain time. This is the same for any deadline, there will be an importance behind the deadline which will be the reason you have to have the task done for a certain time. Outcome 6: Understand the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user 6.1 Explain the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user Leaving the equipment ready for the next user is manners, maybe the next people who use your work area wont need the stationery you’ve been using and won’t be using the same equipment you’ve been using. To have your area ready for the next person, make sure you leave it exactly how you found it when you started the day. Make sure it’s left how you would want to find it when you start work

The eNotes Blog 8 Perfect Gift Ideas for BookLovers

8 Perfect Gift Ideas for BookLovers 1. Books on the Wall Its the holiday season- a perfect time to give your book-loving friends and family (or yourself, of course) a little something-something. We put together a curated list of our favorite bookish gifts with dorm life and personal style in mind. If we missed anything literarily amazing, be sure to let us know in the comments below so we can include it in part two. 1. Books on the Wall Books on the Wall are minimalist book posters that display readable text from your favorite works of classic literature, like  Romeo and Juliet,  Alice in Wonderland, and  Pride and Prejudice. 2. Library Card Pillows Missing the stamped library return slips of yesteryear? Us too!  These handmade pillows, brought to you by  dirtsa studio, are screen-printed by hand on cotton canvas, and both front and back look like a classic library checkout card. 3. Custom Book Necklaces Get a favorite book cover on a necklace and never be without it. Etsy seller Compliment can customize the perfect gift for you or the bookworm youre shopping for. 4. Shirts from Out of Print Out of Print has tons of unique designs celebrating our favorite stories. Bonus: Each purchase helps to fund literacy programs and book donations to communities in need while also supporting authors, publishers, and artists. Take all of our money. 5. Book Bags by Krukru Studios Etsy seller Krukru Studios employs professional in-house seamstresses to bring you bookish messenger bags. Covering titles like  The Hobbit,  Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them,  Lolita, and  The Bell Jar, these book bags are sure to be one of the most thoughtful (and thoughtfully made) gifts you could give. 6. Literary Board Games Board games are the gifts that keep on giving. Break the ice with newly made, nerdy friends for a night of bibliophilic fun. Peruse Bustles list of 11 literary board games and plan your next game night. 7. Bags by Book Lover Gifts These totes are totes the perfect bag to help you manage your library book haul. Book Lover Gifts also has quite the selection of novel-inspired stationary, accessories, posters, and more. 8. Mugs by Overdue Industries Literature lovers and coffee go together like lions, witches, and wardrobes, and coffee mugs are always a great gift. Overdue Industries has a solid selection of popular and cult bookish mugs  on Etsy. (We also all awwd to death at this Frog and Toad baby onesie.)

The Differences Between Rack and Wrack

The Differences Between Rack and Wrack As Jeremy Butterfield points out: The relationship between the forms rack and wrack is complicated, and the spellings are sometimes interchangeable (Oxford A-Z of English Usage, 2013). Definitions Rack and Wrack as VerbsAs a verb, rack means to torture or cause great suffering, or to place (something) in or on a rack. The verb wrack  means to wreck or cause the ruin of something. Rack  and  Wrack  as NounsAs a  noun,  rack means a frame, a shelf, an instrument of torture, or a state of intense anguish. The noun wrack means destruction or wreckage. Idiomatically, we may rack the billiard balls, rack up points, and roast a rack of lamb. But when it comes to nerve-(w)racking experiences or (w)racking our brains, most writers, dictionaries, and usage guides admit to being (w)racked with uncertainty. See the (sometimes contradictory) usage notes below. Examples One  bicycle, rusted as if  it had been there for years, leaned in the rack, its fenders supporting crescents of white. (John Updike, Flight.  The Early Stories: 1953-1975. Knopf,  2003)To delight in seeing men stabbed, poisoned, racked, or impaled is certainly the sign of a cruel temper. (Joseph Addison, The Spectator, April 20, 1711)I have sometimes been wildly, despairingly, acutely miserable, racked with sorrow, but through it all, I still know quite certainly that just to be alive is a grand thing. (Agatha Christie, An Autobiography, 1977)Penny was wracked with sorrow for his friends. His face was strained. (Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, The Yearling, 1938)There is a half-filled baby bottle on the cupboard shelf. She picks it up. The babys cry is becoming nerve-wracking. (Paddy Chayefsky, The Goddess, 1958)But having to be present for merchandise deliveries that Eunice ordered online or on the phone was nerve-racking. (Joseph Wambaugh, Hollywood Moon, 2009)Lud had been going to wrack and ruin for centuries. (Stephen King, Wizard, and Glass, 1997) Usage Notes and Idiom Alerts Rack and wrack are confused so frequently that most dictionaries now list both spellings for the verb meaning torment and the noun meaning destruction. (Margery Fee and Janice McAlpine, Guide to Canadian English Usage, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2007) Idioms and Variant Spellings In some senses, the verbs rack and wrack are synonymous, and the two words, each as either noun or verb, are nearly interchangeable at some points. The usage problems arise over which spelling to use where there seems to be a possible or a clear overlap in meaning. Most Edited English will prefer to rack your brain, wrack and ruin, storm-wracked, and pain-wracked, but other Standard written evidence, including some Edited English, will use the variant spelling for each. (Kenneth G. Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993) (W)rack and Ruin The expression (w)rack and ruin preserves the original sense of destruction. (These days rack, and ruin is the more common spelling in both British and American English, by the evidence of the BNC and CCAE.)...As often, figurative uses of rack and wrack have enlarged their domains and made the spelling interchangeable wherever the sense of severe stress and destruction apply. Wrack seems to be gaining ground there, although still less common than rack in collocations such as nerve-racking and racking ones brains. (Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge University Press, 2004) Nerve-Racking Wrack is commonly used as a verb synonymous with the figurative senses of rack...Probably the most sensible attitude would be to ignore the etymologies of rack and wrack (which, of course, is exactly what most people do) and regard them simply as spelling variants of one word. If you choose to toe the line drawn by the commentators, however, you will want to write nerve-racking, rack ones brains, storm-wracked, and for good measure wrack and ruin. Then you will have nothing to worry about being criticized for- except, of course, for using too many clichà ©s. (Merriam-Websters Dictionary of English Usage, Merriam-Webster, 1994) Rack em Up The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage has a great idea here: Never use wrack, because it confuses people. Instead, when wrack means wreck, just use wreck. (But when you mean inflict damage, spell it wreak. You wreak havoc on; you never wreck havoc because havoc is unwreckable.)O.K., keynoters, lets rack em up: Its traditional to rack up your opponent with a good tongue-lashing for having led the country to wrack and ruin, and after you rack up a victory, you can wreak patronage vengeance from high atop your city on a hill. (William Safire, Quoth the Maven: More on Language from William Safire. Random House, 1993) Wracked With Doubt The noun rack applies to various types of framework; the verb rack means to arrange on a rack, to torture, trouble, or torment: He was placed on the rack. She racked her brain....The noun wrack  means ruin or destruction, as in wrack and ruin and wracked with pain. Also nerve-wracking....The verb wrack has substantially the same meaning as the verb rack, the latter being preferred. (The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law 2011. Associated Press, 2015) Practice He placed his trunk in the luggage _____ and took a seat by the window.The bridge had fallen into _____ and ruin. Answers to Practice Exercises Answers to Practice Exercises: Rack and Wrack He placed his trunk in the luggage rack and took a seat by the window.The bridge had fallen into (w)rack and ruin.

Economics class video response paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics class video response paper - Assignment Example Many young people are usually preoccupied with other things, therefore finding time to maintain a wardrobe inventory might not be easy Another important lesson from the video is the idea of quality when purchasing clothing. It is important to invest in clothing that can be used for a long time. This is especially important for young people who might not have a stable source of income. Investing in quality clothing can prove to be economical in the long run. This requires one to look at the labels on the clothing in order to understand where they are made from and the material used. However, considering the spontaneous purchasing behavior of many youths, it is likely that many of them will not be able to look for these labels. The influence of advertising in shaping shopping choices is great, and this appears to be one of the significant forces influencing clothing choices among the youths. It can be argued that for as long as advertisements with phrases such as ‘Free’ continue to appear, they will influence shopping choices. In conclusion, the ideas presented in the video can be applied not only when s hopping for clothes but also other items. In this video, Moyers discusses the issue of capitalism and how it has affected the American economy. Richard Wolff, an economist, argues that capitalism has failed to delivered the ‘goods’ but instead ended delivering the ‘bads’, and this has led to the inequality witnessed in American today. Although president Obama has preached the idea of equal opportunity, this is not the case in America. Politicians are blamed for not having taken the plight of workers seriously, and this has greatly contributed to the inequality problem. I however believe that the blame is on everyone. When people get what they don’t deserve, they should not be absolved as Wolff does in this video. The problem here cannot be the system but the participants in it.

ANALYZING SPSS(PASW) SOFTWARE PART 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

ANALYZING SPSS(PASW) SOFTWARE PART 2 - Essay Example Lack of defined disposal mechanisms has led to environmental pollution that is the cause of today’s environmental degradation. The amount of money required to clean up the environments is such a burden since the number of players in the market have reduced market share of even the world largest information and Communication Company. To be able to maintain business value, the future for the players in the market remains in working on establishing sustainability through collaboration. Sustainable business value is thus achievable through established global environments that enhance economic development that are necessary for a global sustainable future. This thesis seeks to answer the following question: How can businesses leaders in the telecommunications industry shape the future of the telecommunications industry to arrive at a sustainable business value? Telecommunication industry has been one of the fastest growing industries in the globe (Goggin, 2014). The number of users has been on the rise by each passing day. In high population countries like India, 10 million people subscribe to telecommunication services each month (Prasad, Dixit, & Nee, 2010). Telecommunication has thus become an influential piece of technology that many people can no longer do without. Technology, has managed to bring people together to either work together or just use the services offered. However, with step in growth of the industry, the ecosystem gets the greatest effect. The methods of disposal of these gadgets have not been established for a long time. The e-waste that ends up in the landfills have proved to be more hazardous than any other waste ever know. Thus the needs for activities that focus on global network of companies have grown from a luxury to a necessity for survival of a player in the telecommunication industry as well as environmental conservation. Many key players have thus

Enterprise Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Enterprise Knowledge Management - Essay Example At the onset, this may appear to be ordinary and nothing to be astounded about. But if one starts to look at the underlying principles that govern and control the global community, one will see that its inception and coming to be is maintained and harnessed, even made possible, by the fast phase changes and developments in the field of technology. Being such, it has been perceived that if one is to appraise technological advancement as progressing in such an accelerated rate wherein one may get lost in midst of rapid technological changes, one has not to loss hope. Though, confusing and baffling it may seem the beauty of technology lies on the fact that with the availability and accessibility of knowledge and information, nobody ought to be left behind. Instead everybody can become a partaker and sharer in the highway of knowledge. If global economy is that which defines the world market, the easy access to information has been made feasible by the presence of Internet. Internet is basically the tool with which â€Å"access to the content and services preferred by one organization† (Housel and Bell, 2001, p 114) is opened and made within reach for those individual person and organizations who may want to know and be informed. By itself, it can be claimed that Internet, being part of the developments in modern technology, is in effect a lot of help to all its users. Students by merely surfing the net can find articles and books that he/she may need for researches or for examinations. A housewife going over the services offered in the Internet will no longer have to go to the tiring routine of going to all the banks for the payments and visiting the supermarkets for the groceries. Since, at the mere push of the keyboard of the computer one can, via Internet, shop and pay all the utility bills, thus, unbur dening humanity of some basic concerns. One can itemize benefit per benefit the gains that we can derived from the Internet. Though, it cannot be

The Effectiveness of Benson’s Relaxation Therapy

The Effectiveness of Benson’s Relaxation Therapy ABSTRACT A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Benson’s relaxation therapy on reduction of pain and stress among post caesarean mothers admitted in KMCH, Coimbatore Objectives of the study are, To assess the level of pain and stress among post caesarean mothers before intervention in both control and experimental group, To assess the effectiveness of Benson’s relaxation therapy on reducing pain and stress among post caesarean mothers in experimental group and to find out the association between pain and stress with demographic and clinical profile. Time Series design was adopted for this study. Setting of the study is OBG wards in KMCH, Coimbatore. Sample size is totally 100 post caesarean mothers. (50 in the experimental group and 50 in the control group). Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. Titler et el(2004) effectiveness model was framed. Pain perception level was assessed by using 0-10 numerical pain scale, stress was assessed using Hung’s postpartum stress scale. Intervention: Pain was measured by numerical pain scale before and after providing the Benson’s relaxation therapy for 3 consecutive days, twice daily. Stress was measured by Hung’s Postpartum stress scale, Pre test is done on the 1st day morning before intervention and post test is done on the 3rd day evening after intervention. Benson’s relaxation therapy is effective in reducing the pain perception and stress in mothers who underwent LSCS. On comparing the pre test pain perception levels between the experimental and control group the ‘t’ value was not significant at 0.01 level of significance in pre test 1 whereas it was significant in the rest five observations. Comparison of the post test pain perception levels among the experimental and control group showed that the ‘t’ value was significant at 0.01 level of significance for all the six observations of post test. Hence there is a statistically significant difference in the post test pain perception scores in the experimental group. Similarly, on comparing the pre test stress scores in both experimental and control group the ‘t’ value was not significant at 0.01 level of significance whereas the ‘t’ value was significant on comparing the post stress scores among both experimental and control group, thus proving that there is a statistically significant difference in the post test stress scores in the experimental group. Conclusion: The results supported that Benson’s relaxation therapy is a simple therapy of non pharmacological measure and is effective in reducing the pain perception and stress in mothers who underwent LSCS. REFERENCES BOOKS: Arenson., Drake.P.P (2007). Maternal and Newborn Health. 1st ed. Surbury: Jones and Barlett publishers. Basavanthappa, B.T (1998), Nursing Research. 1st ed. Bangalore: Jaypee Brothers. Basbarm, H.,Fields, (1984). Textbook of pain.(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. Bennet, V. R., Brow, L. K (2003). Myles Textbook for Midwives. 15th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. Burns, N. (1993). Nursing Research. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. Cunningham, G., et al., (2005). Williams Obstetrics. 22nd ed. USA: McGRAW- Hill. Medical Publishing Division. Daftary, S. N., Chakravarthi, S., (2012). Manual of obstetrics. 3rd ed. India: Elsevier publications. Dickson e j., Silverman BL., Kaplan JA(1998) . Maternal infant nursing care 3rd ed. Missouri: Mosby Dutta DC (2006) Textbook of Obstetrics including Perinatology and Contraception 6th ed. Calcutta : new central book agency (p) ltd. Fraser DM Cooper M A (2009) Myles textbook for midwives 15th ed. China: Churchill livingstone. Gupta S P (2000) Statistical method 8th ed. new Delhi : Sulthan Chans sons Herbert Benson M.D.,Miriam Z. Klipper(2000) The Relaxation response 25th ed.Boston: HarperCollinsPublishers. James H. Humphrey (2005) Anthology of Stress Revisited 9th ed. New York: Nova publishers. Klossner N J Hatfield N (2005) Introductory maternity nursing. 1st ed. New Delhi: Pearson education. Kothari C.R (2000) Research methodology. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Wishwa prakasan. Lowdermilk DL Perry,S.E. (2010) Maternity nursing 8th ed. USA: Mosby . Elsevier. Mc Caffery Margo(1979) Nursing management of patient with pain 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Murray Mc Kinney (2010) Foundations of Maternal New born women’s health nursing Canada: Elsevier publications. Murvay S E (2002). Foundation of Maternal New born nursing 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders. Padubidri.V Anand. E (2006) Textbook of obstetrics 1st ed. New Delhi :B I publications. Pilliteri A (2007) Maternity and child health nursing 5th ed. New York Lippincott company. Polit DF ungler BP (1999) Nursing research principles and methods 5th ed Philadelphia Lippincott company . Potter Perry (2009) Fundamentals of Nursing 7th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Raile.M.A., Marriner A T (1997) Nursing theory utilization and application. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby. Reeder J.S ., Martin Koniak G.D (1997) Maternity nursing: family , new born and women’s health care (17th ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott company. Serge Doublet (2000) The Stress Myth 1st ed. Pennsylvania: Science Humanities Press ONLINE JOURNALS: Abdalrahim, M.S., Majali, S. A., Stomberg, M. W., Bergbom, I. (2011). The effect of postoperative pain management programme on improving nurses’ knowledge and attitude towards pain. Nurse Education in practice, 11(4), 250-255. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Boston, MA., (2009). Eliciting the Relaxation Response. Lifestyle Medicine: Tools for Promoting Healthy Change., retrieved from http://www.mbmi.org Bagheri-Nesami M,Mohseni-Bandpei MA,Shayesteh-Azar M (2006) The effect of Benson Relaxation Technique on rheumatoid arthritis patients: extended report: International journal of nursing practice volume 12, Issue 4, 214-219 Retrieved from http://www.pubmed.com Chich-Hsiu Hung Hsin-Hsin Chung (2001) The effects of postpartum stress and social support on postpartum women’s health status: Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol 36,Issue 5, 676–684 Retrieved from http://www.pubmed.com Chung, J. W., Lui, J. C.(2008). Post operative pain management: study of patients’ level of pain and satisfaction with health care providers’ responsiveness to their reports of pain. Nursing health sciences,5(1), 13-21. Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc article Eelco Olde., Onno van der., Hart Rolf Kleber Maarten van Son (2006) Posttraumatic stress following childbirth: A review Clinical Psychology Review 26 (2006) 1 – 16 Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com Francis, L., Fitzpatrick, J. J (2012). Post operative pain: Nurses’ knowledge and Patients’ experiences. Pain Management nursing. Retrieved from www.pain management nursing.org Home L(2006). Post C. S analgesia : Effective strategies and association with chronic pain. British Journal of Anaesthesiology. 19(3), 244 -248. Retrieved from www.nms.journal.com Jan van Dixhoorna., Adrian White (2012) Relaxation therapy for rehabilitation and prevention in ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Europeon journal of preventive cardiology Volume 21, Issue 5, 65-59 Retrieved from http://www.pubmed.com Jan van Dixhoorn,Hugo J. Duivenvoorden, Hans A. Staal Jan Pool (1989) Physical training and relaxation therapy in cardiac rehabilitation assessed through a composite criterion for training outcome: American Heart Journal, Volume 118, Issue 3, 545–552 retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Kooper J, Mariet C, (2004) Pain perception and sympathetic responses among post operative patients. Pain management nursing. 5(2): 59-65 Retrieved from www.pain management nursing.org Macrae, W. A., (2001) Chronic pain after surgery, The British journal of Anaesthesia, 87(1), 89-98 Retrieved from www.soulstice wellness.com Madhavi., et.al (2013) Implementing Bensons relaxation training in hemodialysis patients: Changes in perceived stress, anxiety, and depression: Complementary therapies in Medicine Vol. 5, Issue 9, 536-540 retrieved from http://www.complementarytherapiesinmedicine.com Marion Good (2006) Effects of relaxation and music on postoperative pain: a review : Journal of Advanced Nursing Volume 24,Issue 5,905–914 retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov MasoumeRambod., et., al., (2013) Evaluation of the effect of Bensons relaxation technique on pain and quality of life of haemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial: Complementary therapies in Medicine Vol. 21, Issue 5, 481-486 retrieved from http://www.complementarytherapiesinmedicine.com Maureen Wimberly Groer, Mitzi Wilkinson Davis Jean Hemphill (2006) Postpartum Stress: Current concepts and the possible Protective Role of breast feeding: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing, Vol 31,Issue 4, 411–417 retrieved from http://www.pubmed.com Reynold, J. L (199) Post-traumatic stress disorder after childbirth: the phenomenon of traumatic birth: CMAJ,vol. 156no. 6 Retrieved from http://www.cmaj.com Sousa, L.D., Pitangui, A. C. R., Gomes, F,A., Nakano, A.M.S., Ferreira, C. (2009). Measurement and characteristics of post – caesarean section pain and the relationship tp limitation of physical activities. Acta Paulista de Enfermafem, 22(6), 741-747. Retrieved from www.scielo.br/pdf/ape. Soderquist. J, K. WijmaB. Wijma(2002) Traumatic stress after childbirth: Role of Obstetrical variable: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology vol 23, No. 1, 31-39 retrieved from http://www.informahealthcare.com Tetti Solehati,S.Kp.,M.Kep.(2011) The effect of benson relaxation to pain intensity of post secarean section client in Sumedang hospital and Al Ihsan hospital Bandung: The Association of Indonesian Nurse Education Center. Retrieved from www.aipni-ainec.com Tobias Esch., Gregory L. Fricchione., George B. Stefano (2003) The therapeutic use of the relaxation response in stress-related diseases : Journal of Complementary therapies, Volume 9 (2): 23-34, Retrieved from http://www.medscimonit.com Varunyupa Roykulcharoen Marion Good (2004) Systematic relaxation to relieve postoperative pain: Journal of Advanced Nursing Volume 48,Issue 2,pages 140–148 retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Wadden TA,de la Torre CS (1980) Relaxation therapy as an adjunct treatment for essential hypertension: Journal of Family Practice volume11(6):901-908 Retrieved from http://www.pubmed.com Zainab Shaban (2013) Childbirth a traumatic event: Iran Red Crescent Medical Journal vol 15. No.3 177-182 Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. NEWSPAPER REPORTS: Sreedevi, K. (2011) Nov.26, C.S. pain. Retrieved from www.timesofindia.com UNPUBLISHED THESIS Ria Ann Kurian., (2013). Effectiveness of hand and foot massage on pain reduction among post caesarean women in Kovai medical center and hospital, Coimbatore. Unpublished M.Sc., Nursing Dissertation, KMCH College of Nursing, Coimbatore, The Tamilnadu DR. M.G.R Medical University, Chennai.

Perl: A Popular Scripting Language :: Computers

Perl: A Popular Scripting Language Perl was created under strange circumstances, it was never intended to be a widely used public language but the features it provided caused many programmers to crave for more. Larry Wall initially created Perl to produce reports from a â€Å"Usenet- news-like hierarchy of files for a bug-reporting system.† 1 Apparently awk and sed could not handle the task. Larry decided to fix this problem with a C application now known as Perl, Practical Extraction and Report Language. Perl grew at the same rate as the UNIX operating system. It became portable as new features were added. Perl now has extensive documentation available in different man pages. Perl is growing now just as every widely used programming language. Perl is known for its management of data. It can manipulate files and directories and manage tasks. It can easily analyze results from other applications including sorting large files that would take a human a long time. Perl is generally used for its scripting abilities. String manipulation is much smoother using Perl than using imperative languages like Java and C. The data representation of numeric data in Perl is a little different than other languages. All numeric data is a double precision floating point value in Perl. For this reason it would not be a good idea to solve complex mathematical problems with Perl because it would be much slower than using a regular imperative language. String values are sequences of characters as in most other languages. The convention for scalar variable identifiers is a dollar sign followed by a character followed by a sequence of underscores and alphanumeric values. Scalar variables can contain a single value representing a number, string, or reference. For example â€Å"$a = â€Å"hello†Ã¢â‚¬  is just as valid as â€Å"$b1 = 3.4†. Perl has numerous built in functions and it allows for user defined subprograms. Subprograms are an example of data abstraction. To define a subprogram you use the convention if â€Å"sub subname { statements; }†. To pass parameters you call subname(arg1, arg2). To access the parameters is a little different, you must get the values from the temporary @_ array. The @_ array is private to the subprogram. Subprograms can return variables and can have their own private variables. Perl can have input from files and keyboards and can have output to files and screens.

The Affects Of Smoking Health And Social Care Essay

Smoke is one of the major slayers in our society today. It has a batch of effects on the human wellness. These effects can be really serious and many times lifelessly. Cigarettes contain more than over 4000 toxic chemicals. Smoking affects every map of the organic structure, from the internal variety meats to the immune system in the organic structure. Furthermore, smoking contributes to about two million premature deceases and more than one million chronic diseases in America each twelvemonth. Smoke is a bad wont which controls the immature and the old. It is the figure one slayer in the USA. This slayer is preventable but yet North America has non figure out how to halt it. ( 1 ) Smoke can escort person to a timely grave, but it can besides impact some one twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours. This bad wont is derived from baccy, a works that grows wildly throughout many parts of the tropical universe for its cherished foliages. These ill-famed foliages are by and large smoked or chewed as a penchant of pick by huge bulk of people. Many surveies have found dealingss between smoke and a less stamina capacity. ( 2 ) The habit-forming agent found in coffin nails is called nicotine, which can besides be used to command person weight addition. These side effects are large in athleticss and some day-to-day activities. Many surveies had been conducted, showing that if person smoked so they do less physical activity. One of the experiments conducted was on tobacco users and non-smokers ; they were tested by running a endurance contest. The people who conducted the experiments took a big set of mainly non-smokers and calculated their modus operandi. In the race the distance that was run was face-to-face associated to the day-to-day coffin nail usage. ( 3 ) The decision of the exper iment was that the more person smoked, the less distance person can run. The longer a tobacco user participant in the race, the poorer they performed. In the experiment, the mean non-smoker could run about 2615 metres in 10 proceedingss, while a tobacco user with less than 2 old ages of experience who smoked about 20 coffin nails a twenty-four hours could merely run about 2285 metres. A tobacco user with more than 4 old ages of experience who smoke about 20 coffin nails a twenty-four hours could merely run 2185 metres. ( 4 ) These consequences show how the hapless pick people make can diminish their day-to-day public presentation the more they smoke in their life-time. Robert C. Klesges had conducted an experiment that found that although tobacco users did less free clip activities and played small or no athleticss, they will sometimes make a similar sum of anaerobiotic activities. ( 5 ) This besides showed that tobacco users had the same energy consummation as non tobacco users, in tending that their eating wonts were non cause in their fittingness degrees. ( 6 ) The trial showed that cut down aerophilic physical motion can intend that smoking causes a encouragement in carboxyhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin is the lessening of O that is transporting the capacity of the blood, which can do hypoxia in the tissues and can take to cut down physical public presentation. ( 7 ) Furthermore, smoke is really harmful to one of the most of import systems in the organic structure which is the respiratory system. Smoking affects the staying power capableness more than any other factor of fittingness like musculus strength or velocity. If an jock smokes they would no longer be able to utilize their musculuss every bit affect as they would desire to because of ability to transport O. Most athleticss and day-to-day activities require the jock to utilize big sums of energy. Athletes who smoke will non be able to acquire the necessary sum O to their organic structure, which can do them to execute at a really hapless degree. In some surveies scientist had proven that even if person fumes, when they quit smoking, there degrees of physical activity will increase their organic structure. ( 8 ) When you look at all the great jocks in the universe, for illustration, Usain Bolt, LeBron James, Dwayne Wade, Candice Parker Michael Philips and the William sisters none of them ha ve consume a baccy merchandise. Another ground why smoke is harmful is because of the effects it has on the human organic structure and how the nicotine affects organic structure weight. Nicotine is the drug that is found in coffin nails. This is by and large what gets tobacco users addicted to tobacco merchandises. Even through many different experiments has shown that tobacco users have a inclination to weigh less than non tobacco users. ( 9 ) Multiple skin crease trials were conducted during the experiments and the measuring of weight. More experiments that were conducted to demo how the rats had considerable less sum of carcase fat, intending that nicotine affects where shops fat. The more the rats got the nicotine the less fat they were. In the hypothesis the nicotine affected these fats by altering the enzymes in the ordinance and the triglycerides for illustration adipose tissue and lipoprotein lipase. ( 10 ) With many trials conducted one trial showed that 2.8 % of tobacco users have a lower entire organic structure fat. ( 11 ) The trial besides showed that tobacco users eat more Calories per twenty-four hours than non tobacco users. With all the trials conducted, research workers have concluded that nicotine can increase the metabolic rate. The trials besides found that nicotine had no tumorigenic affect on any critical organ in the organic structure, which means if nicotine is taken ; it should be breathe in as a clean substance. Another feature of the affects of nicotine on weight is when the organic structure is no longer given nicotine. Most tobacco users quit found that they gained weight after. Scientists have calculated that the mean weight addition after person quits smoke is about 5 lbs 14. This is one fright of why most tobacco users do n't discontinue because of the weight they will derive. The horror of organic structure expression is what because most people non to disconti nue smoke. The affects of nicotine can be a great weight loss drug. It can assist people in athleticss, where the jock would necessitate to be light on weight. Surveies have proven that if it merely nicotine so it is non harmful to the organic structure, but it can be if it is given with baccy. ( 16 ) The jock would non see the physical effects of smoking on the organic structure, but can still hold control of their weight when utilizing nicotine. Cigarette smoke is the most of import hazard factor for immature work forces and adult females. ( 14 ) Smoke can still hold many different effects on the human organic structure. It affects the O transporting capacity of the blood and the lungs but nicotine is non truly harmful to the organic structure. When nicotine is used it can be a powerful weight loss drug. The affects of smoke can do person to do a determination on whether to smoke. Some other things that smoking can do are malignant neoplastic disease, diabetes, bosom jobs, Pregnancy and childhood jobs, and tegument jobs. Smoking cause about 30 % of all malignant neoplastic disease deceases and about 87 % of lung malignant neoplastic disease deceases. Smoking can increase person hazard of acquiring 15 different malignant neoplastic diseases including nasal, pharynx, lip, pit, oral cavity, gorge, voice box, pancreas, kidney, neck, tummy and vesica. When person uses baccy when they have diabetes they are increasing their hazard of deceasing. There blood sugar degrees will raise and take to insulin opposition. A tobacco user who smokes more than 20 coffin nails a twenty-four hours duplicate their hazards of developing diabetes compare against people who do n't smoke. Smoking besides put a batch of strain on the bosom. Smoking can duplicate person opportunities of deceasing from coronary bosom disease which is the taking cause of decease in America. Roughly about 9 00,000 people die from coronary bosom disease each twelvemonth. Smoke can do blood vass providing the bosom to go narrow. Sometimes it can do blood curdling, raise blood force per unit area and weaken an arteria. When the arteria is weaken due smoking it is call abdominal aortal aneurism. Woman who smoke when they are pregnant dual their opportunities of holding a low birth weight babe. She can besides increase her opportunity of non doing it during the gestation. Babies that do last may increase their opportunities of acquiring asthma and ear infections. Harmonizing to Richard Hurt manager of the Nicotine Dependence Center at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Min â€Å" baccy contains more than 4,000 chemicals in baccy can damage collagen and elastic, fibres that give clamber its strength and snap. As a consequence, tegument begins to droop and purse prematurely. † ( 12 ) It should be notes that Cigarette smoke increases the hazard of coronary bosom disease by itself and besides increases the hazard of perennial coronary bosom disease after beltway surgery. ( 14 ) Secondhand fume is besides another slayer in the USA. Second manus fume is when person inhales the fume from a firing baccy merchandise. Peoples can be exposed to secondhand fume in many different countries like at places, in your auto, and at the occupation. Other topographic points can include public topographic points, like bars, eating houses, and college. Peoples who inhale the fume are exposing their organic structures to about 4,000 different chemicals. At least 250 of the chemicals are harmful to the human organic structure for illustration, C monoxide, ammonium hydroxide, and H nitrile. More than 50 of the toxic chemicals can do malignant neoplastic disease to people who do n't even smoke but are at the incorrect topographic point at the incorrect clip. Inhaling secondhand fume can do lung malignant neoplastic disease in nonsmoking grownups and kids. About 3,000 lung malignant neoplastic disease deceases occur each twelvemonth among big nonsmokers in the America due the expo sure to secondhand fume. Second manus fume can increase a nonsmoker ‘s opportunities of developing lung malignant neoplastic disease by 20 to 30 % . Besides some research showed that secondhand fume may increase the hazard of rhinal sinus pit malignant neoplastic disease, nasopharyngeal malignant neoplastic disease and chest malignant neoplastic disease in grownups. In kids 2nd manus smoke can do the hazard of leukaemia, lymphoma, and encephalon tumours. As a consequence, around one in a 100 deceases worldwide are due to inactive smoke, which kills an estimated 600,000 people a twelvemonth, World Health Organization ( WHO ) research workers said. ( 3 ) Smoke is a danger to anything that breathes. Smoking baccy can kill the people who smoke and the people who do n't. This slayer is preventable if everyone merely stays off. In add-on, coffin nail smoke is as widespread and important as a hazard factor that the Surgeon General has called it â€Å" the taking preventable cause of disease and deceases in the United States. † ( 5 ) Therefore, one should believe twice about the serious effects and hazard factor before doing the pick or patterns of smoking. As it is ever believed that wherever there is fume, there will decidedly be fire, the taking combination in the cause of decease and devastation in the universe. Citation: Paul, Slovic. Smoke: hazard, perceptual experience & A ; policy. 1. 1000s oak California: Phase Publication, 2001. 78. Print. â€Å" Cigarette Use in the U.S. , 1985-2002. † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2004. 1417. 24 Oct. 2010. â€Å" Cigarette Use in the U.S. , 1985-2001. † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2003. 1408. 24 Oct. 2010. â€Å" smoke. † The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th erectile dysfunction. Columbia University Press, 2000. 35912. 18 Oct. 2010. â€Å" What ‘s bad about smoke. ( Tobacco ) . † Get Smart About Drugs, ( Grades 2 – 3 ) , a Weekly Reader publication. Weekly Reader Corp. , 2001. 10+ . 19 Oct. 2010. â€Å" Avoid the Nicotine Trap. ( Unit 3: Tobacco ) . † Get Smart About Drugs, ( Grades 7 – 9 ) , a Weekly Reader publication. Weekly Reader Corp. , 2001. 18+ . 19 Oct. 2010. â€Å" Cigarette usage in the U.S. , 1985-2004. ( Critical Statistics ) ( Statistical tabular array ) . † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2006. 183. 19 Oct. 2010. â€Å" It ‘s Not Cool To Use Tobacco: Talking Out Against Smoking. ( Harmful Substances ) . † Staying Healthy 3, a Weekly Reader publication. Weekly Reader Corp. , 1994. S20+ . 20 Oct. 2010. Document URL â€Å" Some Benefits of Discontinuing Smoking. † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2002. 549. 20 Oct. 2010. â€Å" Tendencies in day-to-day usage of coffin nails, for U.S. 8th, 10th, and 12th graders. ( Health ) ( Statistical tabular array ) . † World Almanac and Book of Facts. World Almanac Education Group, 2006. 166. General OneFile. Web. 19 Nov. 2010. â€Å" Unit 3: Harmful Substances. † Staying Healthy 3, a Weekly Reader publication. Weekly Reader Corp. , 1994. 6. 20 Oct. 2010.

Academic Writing Essay

My interest in International Relations and my decision to continue my education in this field is the outcome of my profound interest in Asian studies. Majoring in History of India, during my final year I became especially interested in the sphere of International Relations and Foreign Policy of India, writing my thesis on Indian Foreign Policy during Nehru’s Government and Indian-Chinese relations. Two trips to India 1997 and 1998 allowed me to become better acquainted with this country, refine my knowledge of Hindi and collect unique data for my research. This unforgettable experience convinced me that I had made the right choice of study, leading me to apply for a PhD Degree so as to extend my research in this field. I have so far completed two years of the PhD program at St. Petersburg State University. My dissertation aims at disclosing those problems which still hinder the process of normalization between the two Asian countries, India and China, reflecting on how Indian scholars perceive these issues. See more: Satirical elements in the adventure of Huckleberry Finn essay Thus my research covers both Regional Studies and field of International Relations as a global world system where these two countries play an important role. My presentation of a paper on Indo-Chinese Relations in 1980s at the international conference â€Å"East Asia – St. Petersburg – Europe: inter-civilization contacts and perspectives on economic cooperation† held in St. Petersburg a year ago gave me the opportunity to meet many outstanding researchers, including my referee, Marcia Ristaino, who encouraged me to continue my studies focusing specifically on International Relations and Regional Studies. For that reason I applied and was accepted to the MA Program in International Relations and European Studies at Central European University in Budapest with a scholarship from Soros foundation. The courses I am taking here will provide me with a sound background in theoretical issues in International Relations. The reason of why I am applying for another Master’s Degree is that the CEU program, despite its theoretical strength, has very few courses directly related to my major interest, Regional Studies and conflict resolution and peacekeeping. For this reason I would like to deepen my practical understanding of International Relations and relate it to a more focused concentration on conflict analysis and resolution through the program of the Carleton University. I am aware of the high reputation of your school and the excellent Master’s program that you offer at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs. I believe it will certainly help me with my research and career objectives either through work in diplomatic service or at an international organization where I will be able to apply my knowledge and skills obtained through studies at your University. Courses such as Conflict Analysis, International Mediation and Conflict Resolution and International Organizations in International Affairs will be very helpful for my analyzing of the problems in the South Asian subcontinent and beyond it and will allow me to deeper understand the reasons for numerous interstate and intrastate conflicts that persist in the region. Moreover these courses will be of particular relevance to my career plans which are to find employment with UN or a similar institution in the field of conflict resolution and peacekeeping. The possibility to combine theoretical studies with practical skills in conflict analysis and resolution at the Carleton University will enable me to become a good specialist who will be able to contribute to the common cause of peace in the world. I am eager to become a professional orientalist, as I believe this field of study will always be important in the changing world where Asian countries such as India and China play significant roles in the international arena. MA at the Carleton University would be a precious experience both in terms of my academic and professional career. I hope you will give me the opportunity to realize my ambition. (A CEU Student – reproduced here with kind permission) Sample #2 Having majored in literary studies (world literature) as an undergraduate, I would now like to concentrate on English and American literature. I am especially interested in nineteenth-century literature, women’s literature, Anglo-Saxon poetry, and folklore and folk literature. My personal literary projects have involved some combination of these subjects. For the oral section of my comprehensive exams, I specialized in nineteenth century novels by and about women. The relation ship between â€Å"high† and folk literature became the subject for my honors essay, which examined Toni Morrison’s use of classical, biblical, African, and Afro-American folk tradition in her novel. I plan to work further on this essay, treating Morrison’s other novels and perhaps preparing a paper suitable for publication. In my studies toward a doctoral degree, I hope to examine more closely the relationship between high and folk literature. My junior year and private studies of Anglo-Saxon language and literature have caused me to consider the question of where the divisions between folklore, folk literature, and high literature lie. Should I attend your school, I would like to resume my studies of Anglo-Saxon poetry, with special attention to its folk elements. Writing poetry also figures prominently in my academic and professional goals. I have just begun submitting to the smaller journals with some success and am gradually building a working manuscript for a collection. The dominant theme of this collection relies on poems that draw from classical, biblical, and folk traditions, as well as everyday experience, in order to celebrate the process of giving and taking life, whether literal or figurative. My poetry draws from and influences my academic studies. Much of what I read and study finds a place in my creative work as subject. At the same time, I study the art of literature by taking part in the creative process, experimenting with the tools used by other authors in the past. In terms of a career, I see myself teaching literature, writing criticism, and going into editing or publishing poetry. Doctoral studies would be valuable to me in several ways. First, your teaching assistantship program would provide me with the practical teaching experience I am eager to acquire. Further, earning a Ph. D. in English and American literature would advance my other two career goals by adding to my skills, both critical and creative, in working with language. Ultimately, however, I see the Ph. D. as an end in itself, as well as a professional stepping-stone; I enjoy studying literature for its own sake and would like to continue my studies on the level demanded by the Ph. D. program. The following is a shortened sample SOP (with technical details removed. ) Expert comments at the end of the paragraphs point out important features. After one year’s work experience as a research technician at [redacted], one of the US’s leading research institutes, I want to return to academic study and undertake graduate studies in Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics at the University of [redacted]. Stating what you are doing now and what you are applying for is a simple, direct way of starting an SOP. After graduating with a first class degree from [redacted], University of [redacted], I felt I should gain some practical experience working in a research environment to gain first-hand knowledge of what the life of a research scientist entails. I have loved every minute of my work: especially the opportunity to participate in cutting-edge projects and discuss ideas with senior biologists. I soon realized that, although I enjoy handling the complex equipment and processing the results, I am not going to be satisfied with carrying out routine procedures under the direction of others. I want to be part of the team that directs the course of the project. My senior colleagues have encouraged my ambition and feel that I have the potential for graduate studies. Notice how the student tries to analyze the reasons for her choices. My love of biology started in high school. We had a young and enthusiastic teacher, Mrs [redacted], who took us on field trips and visits. She made sure we did as much practical work as was feasible, and demonstrated experiments that we hadn’t the equipment or time to do ourselves. She also encouraged us to read. I remember the impact reading Maynard Smith’s The Theory of Evolution had on me: I wanted to be able to explain such important ideas as clearly as he did. Quite naturally my first thoughts about a future career tended towards teaching – I wanted to be another Mrs [redacted]. It is good to explain how you became interested in your subject. However, don’t go too far back! Notice that a specific example helps create interest. At undergraduate level, my interests became more focused. Although physiology and ecology came easy to me, it was biochemistry and cell biology that really captured my interest. We were fortunate to have good laboratories and excellent professors. I found that cell biology was an interdisciplinary undertaking: today you need a foundation in chemistry, physics and even IT to be at the forefront in this subject. This interdisciplinary aspect of the subject suits my abilities well. I have always performed well in all science subjects and find it challenging to apply the knowledge to practical problems. For this reason I chose to undertake a project in my final year on the behavior of protein molecules in high energy fields at [redacted]. The scientists at [redacted] were impressed with my practical skills and were happy to give me a recommendation that led to my present job. Details of courses and projects help to show focus. (This student went on to describe another important college project. She also gave a full description of her current scientific work. ) Many people have asked me why I did not proceed directly to graduate studies after graduating. The answer is that I wanted to make sure that I had chosen the right subject and the right place before embarking on a course of study that would involve many years of my life. The one-year gap has also given me time to work with the local Natural History Society: we take families on Sunday trips to the nearby National Park to help create awareness about environmental issues. I have also been a member and organizer of the [redacted] Film Society: we watch and discuss films from all over the world. I am looking forward to furthering my interest in film in the [redacted] Film club, at your university, and I also hope to use my passion for teaching in the [redacted] Social Outreach program. Explain the reasons for any unusual features of your career (taking a year out, poor performance, etc.). Include social and extracurricular activities to show balance in your life or because they are relevant to the course. In selecting the University of [redacted] I have been influenced by the way your research program addresses biological questions at the levels of molecule, gene and cell. I am particularly looking forward to such courses as Developmental Biology and Bioinformatics. I am also excited to interact with Professors [redacted] and [redacted] whose work is closest to what I want to pursue for the original research component of the MS degree. I have been corresponding with [redacted], a current student, from whom I have learned about the collaborative environment at [redacted] where I will interact with talented students, teachers and industry professionals. I believe that I will be able to contribute to and learn from the academically challenging environment at the University of [redacted]. Statement of Purpose(SOP) Name: ***** Major: Master of Science in Computer Science(MS in Computer Science) â€Å"Time and tide wait for no man†, this we all know. Having done an inspiring four-year course in Computer Science Engineering. I would like to put to use this knowledge to do my PhD in Computer Science. This would give me the leading edge in technology and the practical low-down and the information I require. For the past few decades man is advancing in to the unknown realms of science and technology. This advancement is to make life easy and to increase human comfort at home and at work and I would like to be an integral part of such betterment. For this, research would be of prime importance with hands on experience in real time Applications accompanied by in-depth knowledge of the subject. Technology,today,means power in the widest sense of tem and merely the power of mind. And it is this power potential that has given it the status it now enjoys. Right from my childhood I had a strong inclination to be a Compute Science Engineer. My interest in the subject has grown with each passing year and it has reached where even PhD will not quench my thirst for knowledge. I have come to terms with the fact that there is an enormous proportion of subject to be assimilated. I want to take up a research oriented course for my career. A natural aptitude for mathematics, a sense of logic, analytical ability, capacity for diligent work and high academic credentials secured me a place in Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women. The four years curriculum exposed me to the entire gamut of computer courses thus laying a strong foundation for both my Hardware and Software fundamentals. My main areas of interest were Computer Graphics and Multimedia. I enjoyed the course in Networks and Operating Systems. My interest in Graphics and Database led me to prepare eye-catching illustrations to explain the electronic models. I have developed many Software programs in C, Unix , Java. My final year project was Enterprise Resources Planning Procurement Process System, under CMC Limited, A TATA Enterprise. The project was completed in a period of 3 months using Java, J2EE as front End and Oracle as the back End. The field of application of technology is what interests me the most. I want to acquire the learning that will enable me to contribute to the development pf a new software, which can improve efficiency and accuracy of work in varied sphere. Digital Processing is already transforming the world of Communications. My ambition is to work at the forefront of the technology with the ability to find innovative solutions to the changing needs. You might ask as to why a degree from United States of America only. Since 1994 computers have been out performing automobiles in terms of units sold annually in the U. S. A. All in all computers contributed nearly 10% of United States of America GDP. The United Sates of America is way ahead of any other nation in computer technology, manufacture and sales and would thus provide me the best infrastructure and know-how currently available. Besides, it is a country where Science and Technology is a way to achieve social progress and where improving human life’s very important. All these factors coupled together make the United States of America an ideal place to pursue my further studies. The distinguished faculty and excellent facilities at your university make its graduation program ideally suited to my professional goals. Your University provides me a dynamic atmosphere, which will shape me to be a thinker and a learner. The flexibility of the curriculum will give me the broad-based education I need to widen the scope of my knowledge and skills. The diversity of the student’s body will open my mind to new influences, new ideas and new ways of doing things. The world is literally becoming a global village where opportunities for work are transcending physical space. With the Cyberspace connections, Indian knowledge workers are increasingly contributing to the global work force. The international education will give me the training and the caliber to meet the global clients. I look forward to being an active contributing member of the student community at your University. Continuous progress is the key to life. And for progress, knowledge and proper guidance are essentials. I am sure, the quality knowledge and impeccable guidance will mould me to be in the learning mode all my life opening the way for constant growth as a person and a professional STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Respected Graduate Admission Committee: My name is **** . I pursued my undergraduate studies in Computer Science and Engineering at MVSR Engineering College, Osmania University, India. I am planning to pursue my higher education and I really hope to get enrolled into the Masters program, for the term starting Spring ’08, at University of North Carolina at Charlotte. In the following paragraphs I have summarized my educational background, motivation for graduate study and my areas of interest. Starting off with my academic’s, I completed my schooling in ****, Warangal, India. My school helped me develop better in the field of science, right from the initial stages, with different techno fests, science expos and I have secured 74% marks in 10’Th standard though I secured 86% in mathematics. Then I said to myself that I am a far better performing student than these marks suggest. Hence to prove my capability to myself I worked hard with sincerity and devotion and obtained valuable marks of 83% in my Board of Intermediate at Sri Chaitanya Junior College, Hyderabad, India. At very young age as a student in high school, computer for me was only a means of entrainment as I found it exciting to play games and generating various mathematical series and patterns thorough BASIC programming. I was dumbfounded to know that games are nothing but programs. Curious to know how to program I developed a serious interest in Computers. This keen interest in mathematics along with a strong liking for computers, and particularly programming, prompted me to choose engineering with Computer Science as my major. This decision gave me ample opportunity to consolidate my creative energies and harness my technical aptitude. Early in my undergraduate study I was introduced to basic programming languages of C, C++ and Java. I understood the key features of each language and realized that one was an improvement of the other. Java being the most powerful and robust language of all fascinated me the most. My first computer science project was â€Å"Core Banking†, which performs the operations of creating an account, assigning an account number and handling transactions involving deposits and withdrawals. This program was initially written in C++ following the concepts of object-oriented programming. Later I modified the same program with some improvements like adding a GUI interface using Java. During the second year of my undergraduate studies, I had an opportunity to visit an IT company of my father’s friend. It was here that I actually saw hundreds of computers connected to each other and performing several different operations. I had many questions on my mind – â€Å"How are computers connected and if connected, how can they be managed? † Curious to know the answers and following the advice of my uncle, I read some books on Windows Networking. I was fascinated by the concepts of Domain, Active Directory, Group Policy and DNS. In the third year of my engineering studies, I was introduced to the subject of Computer Networks. Already having a sound knowledge in practical computer networking, I was at ease with this subject. During this course, I learnt the software side of networking i. e.  how to actually implement and develop different servers. The sessions in the labs were devoted in developing programs like implementation of connection-oriented and connectionless Echo Servers, concurrent multithreaded File Transfer Server and Chat Server. Currently in my fourth year, area of Distributed Systems and especially Peer-to-Peer Systems are of great interest to me. I undertook a project in Galaxie Software Solutions as an intern to design and develop a E-Care system, is an Help Desk System which can overcome some of the disadvantages of the existing software. My work in Galaxie Software Solutions gave me solid practical knowledge of many technologies and concepts such as Java, Oracle, XML, Object-Oriented Design and Programming.. I have also presented a paper entitled â€Å"Cryptography† at Parikaran 2K7 – a National level technical fest. My predominant research interests have evolved into three categories that I believe are interconnected. The three areas of interest are Computer networks, Distributed systems and Information Security. I would be very eager to work in any of these areas or interrelated areas like Networking or Distributed Systems along with Information Security. I worked as a teaching assistant for juniors in C, C++ and Oracle programming. The teaching experience has helped me to communicate articulately and interact effectively with diversity of peers. During the last two years, besides the college academics I spent most of my time attending a number of extra-curricular workshops, seminars and conferences in different fields of computer science. I look forward to a career in research where I cannot only use my academic background to achieve my research goals but also make original contributions to my field of interest. I believe that graduate studies would provide me with the opportunities to attend advanced courses and would be the stepping-stone to my career in research. University of North Carolina at Charlotte suits my research interests because of its advanced academic curriculum and world-class research groups. I believe that it is the best environment for me to achieve my goals while gaining experience and exposure to a diverse student body and faculty. I believe that no other school provides students with the combination of culture, education and research environment, required for an overall personality development, as offered by your institution. Summarizing all written above, I believe that my serious intention for study, my projects, my certifications and strong academic background in various areas of Computer Science will be beneficial for my graduate studies and research. Attending your prestigious institution would give me an opportunity to receive high-level education under the guidance of prominent professors and excellent teachers. I would regard my admission to University of North Carolina at Charlotte not only as a great honor but also as a great responsibility and challenge to prove myself. Thank you for your time and consideration. High Regards, {NAME}. While reasoning my intentions to pursue MS in Computer Science at Oklahoma State University I would like to throw some light on my career till now, I always fancied myself with Computers right from my childhood and thought of becoming a Software Engineer got implanted in my mind at an early age. A career in Engineering seemed the most challenging and logical extension of my abilities. I was given training in the basics of the operation and the applications of the computers during my school days. From that day onwards until the 10th standard I was constantly being taught different concepts of computer in different levels. The various concepts that I am thorough with, in school, are Word, QBasic and C Fundamentals. Science has been my favorable subject right from my school days and has always been one among the toppers of my class. I have even represented my school in many competitions. I have been the member of the quiz team of our school that has won many competitions. After my higher secondary I was determined to secure for myself a position in the Information Technology field, which deals with the areas of Computers, Communications and Networks. To accomplish this I had to qualify in the EAMCET Entrance Exam for Andhra Pradesh, India. I secured a good rank in the examination and secured a seat in Computer Science Engineering in V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College, Affiliated to Nagarjuna University. At VRSEC I had the good fortune of having a well-compiled syllabus, which placed equal emphasis on theoretical fundamentals as well as practical applications. Subjects such as Computer organization, Digital Logic Design, Microprocessor Applications laid a solid foundation in the theoretical aspects of the subjects. Practical application aspects were introduced to me through subjects such as Object Oriented Programming concepts, Data Structures, Relational Database Management Systems, Internet technologies. The areas, which are of special interest to me centered on Computer communications, Software Engineering, E-Commerce applications. I am interested in learning more about encryption and artificial intelligence. My interest in Networks began when I read about the various application fields it could be used, in the Information Technology magazine. I am a regular reader of magazines such as IEEE-spectrum, potentials, chip, computer networks, and computer today, which enabled me to be in touch with the latest developments in information technology. At VRSEC I had the opportunity to interact with some of the best professors in our region. I had the opportunity to do alive project in BPL Mobile Ltd. Coimbattore and project title is Mobile High Usage Roaming Alert and the project is being implemented by the company people right now and the project is done in VB and Oracle. The next step in my career towards achieving my career goal is to pursue my Masters Program in Computer Science. I have done considerable research in this area to pursue my Higher education in a reputed University and with a good course curriculum. I found about the education in USA and its recognition. I have therefore applied to the OSU in USA. Also with some advice from my college senior who are in various colleges in USA I have opted for this College. The course MS in Computer Science. The course has been designed to give me insight into the world of academic and industrial computing research. By focusing on several currently active areas it affords me the opportunity to gain an in-depth understanding of the topics of the course and in doing so, to develop the skills necessary to carry out innovative work with in the discipline of computing. I strongly believe that a software engineer should be instinctive, innovative, quick to adapt and adopt new technologies, which is only possible with solid foundation and profundity in his subjects. This entails and insightful and thorough understanding of the intricacies of the subject. That’s the reason why I am inclined towards MS in Computer Science. I am sure that with my interaction with the faculty and peers at your college will provide an ambience conducive for my transition from an undergraduate to a graduate. It is my strong belief that graduation from this institution will take me close to achieving my ultimate goal of becoming an efficient software engineer. While my sights are firmly set on graduation, it is my strong desire to pursue research program following my graduation. Computing Science plays an ever-increasing role in today’s society. Technological innovation has been one of the driving forces behind India’s rapid growth. It is therefore essential that every opportunity be afforded to talented Indian graduates to extend their education and skills in order to play an active role in managing the opportunities presented in the future. India is fast gaining a reputation for its computer industry and at the moment it is regarded as the centre for Software and as a result many of the top notch Multinational Corporations are establishing their contact centers in India. As a result an International Degree is focused to meet employment  opportunities with in the computing industry in India. Possible career opportunities for me in India include research and development roles in the development of new technologies such as software engineering, technical applications developers and consultants, network managers and other leading roles in computing industry. A fascination for Science & Technology and keen interest in the ever-growing world of technology motivated me to take up engineering. I choose to major in Electrical& Electronic Engineering with an intense urge to delve into the challenging field. During my under graduation program I learned the various fundamentals of Electrical& Electronics Engineering which together with practical course work reinforce interest. Right from my school, I had a penchant towards Mathematics, Science and research in general. This basic interest led me to take up Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry as my major subjects in high school. As a part of my Physics project, I had constructed logic gates and simple latches using basic circuit elements. I was so astounded by the Power of Electrical & Electronics. This interest made me to take Electrical& Electronic Engineering. I would like to present my past performance as my credentials for my success in my future endeavors. My innate strength has been my quantitative and analytical abilities which instilled me a special interest for mathematical and physics. I had opted the same in my 10+2 with good marks. I was placed in the top 15% of one lakh who took engineering entrance examination. This performance helped me in getting admission into Sri Saradhi Institute of Engineering, Nuzvid, India. During the course of my undergraduate study I was exposed to various courses with applications like Electromagnetic field, Control systems, Power electronic, Electrical measurements, Linear Integrated Circuits, Electronics, Pulse and digital circuits, Computer methods in power system control, Digital Signal Processing, Power systems(1to 3), Electro mechanics(1 to 3) Micro processors & Micro Controllers, High voltage engineering, Modeling of power system components, Utilization of electrical energy enhanced my subject. I secured good results in my engineering. I was well versed in programming languages like C, C++ & Java. During my final year I decided to do project in Machine cutting using micro controller. From my kinder garden my medium of instruction is English. I had written GRE and got 1060 score, which adds to my English language proficiency. Excellence in any sphere of life can be achieved trough determination, hard work, preference and dedication. Yet lack of in depth knowledge of the subject leaves the conceptual skills incomplete. It in this concept that I would like to pursue a course that control system in your esteemed university. I am very much interested to do MS Computer Science in your esteemed college. I realize the need for me to study at the center stage of activity in these fields at your college in USA. My earnest desire to continue my future studies at your graduate school stems from that it is one of the top colleges in Ireland having fine record of academic excellence and is backed up by expert faculty and research facilities. The other reason why I want to study at your esteemed college is that it provides the kind of expose needed to broaden my thinking and indo any insular prejudices that might be still prevalent in me. Your college is a confluence of people from every nationality, religion and race. Overall development of the personality can be done and it helps me to broaden my concept from the narrower confines of nationalism to internationalism. I am clear as to my carrier aspiration. Educational I believe is a life long process. I there fore wish to pursue a doctoral degree after my MS and therefore combine research and teaching as carrier. I am fully aware that yours curriculum requires that I summon all my resources and I aver that I have the necessary commitment, intelligence and stamina to look forward to do it all. I am convinced that my study at your department would be meaningful and rewarding experience. I look forward to have a long and profitable association with your esteemed college. I especially thank you for giving me the opportunity given me to express about myself. Name : ******** Program Sought: MASTERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Semester Sought: Fall 2012. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE There is a very famous adage, â€Å"If you think education is expensive, and then try ignorance†. I could not agree more. I believe research is necessary to acquire data and formulate theories, but it is just as important to know how to apply those theories and use that data in the real world. To be competent and competitive I will require a master’s degree. A master’s degree will give me the up-to-date tools and knowledge that is the need of the hour. It is after a good deal of self-evaluation that I have decided to pursue graduate studies.